), is rooted in the Pennsylvania Supreme Courts decision in Neill v. Gimbel Brothers, Inc., 199 A. The MSO should take care to leave anything that could be regarded as clinical decision-making or a clinical pathway to the healthcare provider. In fact, the legislative intent of each of these laws is to authorize only licensed persons to render professional services through these types of entities. Dermatology World article by Ruth Carol with contributions from Lamb McErlane PC partner Vasilios Bill Kalogredis, Section 199A and Healthcare Eligibility Depends on Unique Facts, PA Legislators Propose to Ban Non-Compete Agreements in Health Care Practitioners Employment Contracts, Government Liability & Civil Rights Defense, Municipal, Land Use, and Condemnation Law. violations of the corporate practice doctrine are based on a case-by-case evaluation of control and dominion in the corporate-physician relationship at lay control of medical judgment and lay exploitation of the practice of medicine, non-physician corporations may provide medical services through employed physicians. And our healthcare lawyers have seen a thousand variations. Corporate Practice of Medicine: A 50 State Survey. Further to the guiding/non-exhaustive lists provided above, in these cases, there must be a clear distinction between who is providing professional services and who is providing the management services. The legislation, which went into effect July 1, 2012, amends Tennessee Code Annotated Sections 68-11-205 and 63-6-204 by providing an exception to Tennessee's prohibition on the corporate practice . These are mixed questionsin other words, they touch on the medical practice but also require business judgment. Manager approves the expenditures of the PSC. The private physician-patient relationship shall be maintained; and a subscriber shall at all times have free choice of any doctor of medicine, doctor of dental surgery, or podiatrist who is a participating physician in the medical service corporation and who agrees to accept a particular beneficiary as a patient. 776-77 (Tenn. 2000) (corporate practice of medicine doctrine applies in Tennessee); 94-009 Op. Professions and Occupations 12-36-134. GEORGIA COMPOSITE MEDICAL BOARD MINUTES June 7-8, 2012 Page 4 of 26 Dr. Other state regulations also determine the composition of ownership in medical organizations such as medical spas. 1992 Op. MSA provides that Manager may terminate at any time without cause with 30 days notice, or immediately upon the occurrence of certain specified contingencies. If its not Corporate Practice of Medicine, Watch Out for Anti-Kickback Enforcement. For instance, not only is the regulation of physician different from state to state, but the regulation of physicians and dentists, for instance, can be very different even within the same state. In simple terms, the CPOM doctrine generally prohibits non-licensed persons, including individuals and business entities, from employing physicians to practice medicine (or dentists to practice dentistry) on their behalf. On a final note, according to CMB, under California Law, the following business or management decisions and activities, resulting in control over the physicians practice of medicine, should be made by a licensed California physician and not by an unlicensed person or entity: Furthermore, the types of decisions and activities described above cannot be delegated to an unlicensed person, including (for example) management service organizations. While California law does allow a percentage of gross revenues under certain conditions, generally, percentages raise enforcement issues. Health care investors and health care business companies often look to partner with physicians, dentists, optometrists, therapists, and other licensed professionals. The team of experienced and proactive healthcare attorneys will work with your practice to make sure it can receive the funding needed without jeopardizing the organization. It really isnt something you can figure out from a chart or grid or some poster you can get off the Internet. Georgia Dental Law. 1. Expanded to cover a broader range of healthcare professionals, this edition contains the latest information on practice restrictions by state as they relate to behavioral health providers, dentists, chiropractors, optometrists, and more. La. For that reason, the organizational language should not be contrary or incompatible with the language or intent of the statute(s) creating the Professional Corporation. Part Two. Our state licensure and corporate practice attorneys have counseled clients on a number of aspects of state law, including matters related to: Representation in Joining a Practice Management Platform, Epstein Becker Green Successfully Advises on Regulatory Issues for Mental Health Platform, Epstein Becker Green Announces 2023 Promotions, Epstein Becker Greens Lasting Support of AHLA Recognized in 2022 Top Honors and New Leadership Positions, Sarah Hall, Elena Quattrone Quoted in Conflicting State Laws and Unpredictable Enforcement Await Providers in Post-, Anjana Patel Quoted in How Group Practices Can Plan for Partial Retirements, Epstein Becker Green Welcomes Glenn Prives, Health Care and Corporate Attorney, Health Care & Corporate Law Attorney Glenn P. Prives Joins Epstein Becker Green. Carefully review the state law when performing a field examination of an entity that is engaged in CPOM. So if you ask, if enforcement possible, the answer is, YES. However, if the applicant does not meet the flexible community benefit standard, denial is not necessarily indicated. While medical practice allows nurses to perform certain procedures, that doesn't mean a doctor can be relieved of their responsibilities. 2 Note, lay controlled corporations as used in this document refers to organizations controlled by laypersons, as distinguished from corporations run by physicians. For example, in Virginia there is at least one Attorney General opinion that is permissive with respect to Corporate Practice of Medicine: The Virginia Attorney General concluded that Virginia statutes and court decisions allow a hospital to employ a physician as long as the employment agreement authorizes the physician to exercise control over the diagnosis and treatment of the patient, the physicians professional judgment is not improperly influenced by commercial or lay concerns, and the physician-patient relationship is not altered. Law360, New York (December 11, 2015, 10:29 AM EST) --. v. OCA, Inc., 592 F.Supp.2d 906 (E.D. Setting the parameters under which the physician will enter into contractual relationships with third-party payers. So, what it means is that only doctors can practice medicine. As we said, the prohibition is not necessarily embodied in a statute, but rather, may be expressed in cases, or, perhaps a policy statement by the state medical board. Because the Professional Service Corporation (or PSC) is owned by natural persons (shareholders), it is normally a taxable corporation, however, the IRS will recognize a PSC as exempt if it meets certain stringent requirements. For example, some applicants use employment and management agreements instead of shareholder control agreements to bind the physician shareholder to the Parent. 1990 South Bundy Drive Suite 777 Los Angeles, CA 90025 (310) 444-5244. Gen. 4 (Jan. 28, 1994) (business corporations may not employ The Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann. If you ask, if enforcement likely, thats another story. University of Maryland Physicians v. Commissioner, T.C. The challenge is that the healthcare venture managed by able healthcare entrepreneurs wants to call the shots . For example, a MSO may, find jobs for licensed professionals; find licensed professionals for potential employers; and manage the services of licensed professionals, including providing services to the professional for a fee, e.g., scheduling or billing. Similarly, in Allstate Insurance Company vs. Northfield Medical Center, P.C., 228 N.J. 596, 159 A.3d 412 (2017), the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed a trial courts conclusion that a New York lawyer and a California chiropractor violated the states Insurance Fraud Prevention Act (IFPA) because they promoted and assisted in the creation of a practice structure that was designed to circumvent regulatory requirements with respect to control, ownership and direction of a medical practice.. The Corporate Practice of Medicine: Is It Applicable for Your Client? The corporate practice of medicine (CPM) is a legal doctrine that prohibits companies from profiting from the practice of medicine or directly employing a physician to provide professional medical services. One of the benefits of getting advice from an astute healthcare lawyer is finding the right Goldilocks strategyneither too hot on the enforcement side, nor too cool on the profit side. 610-701-4416. Understanding these questions is essential to structuring medical business and management service entities in accordance with the law. 63-6-204(b). The policy expressed in Business and Professions Code section 2400 against the corporate practice of medicine is intended to prevent unlicensed persons from interfering with or influencing the physicians professional judgment. Corporate practice of medicine laws prohibit an entity from providing medical services or employing physicians if non-physicians own it. Because of the separation between clinical and non-clinical activities, a Professional Medical Corporation may not serve as a management services corporation. How you know. That is, it cannot provide management services to other occupational therapists. Lets just say that these are appropriate arenas for MSO involved. The corporate practice of medicine, or CPOM, is a doctrine that's enshrined in many states' laws, either by statute, which is the laws on the books, or by judge-made law case law. Cosmetics Companies The PSC should maintain its own charity care policy for its activities to further the exempt purpose of the Parent. He is Chairman of Lamb McErlane PCs Health Law Department. Decisions regarding coding and billing procedures for patient care services. E.g. Rev. Our attorneys understand the high-stakes nature of these prospective ventures and the complex interplay of legal and practical considerations, and regularly work closely with other tax and corporate advisors to ensure that management and related structures address all of their clients legal needs and practical goals. If state licensing laws do not permit the Parent to appoint the PSCs board, the PSC may nevertheless qualify for exemption if, by some combination of mechanisms, the Parent indirectly controls the PSCs board. The roles played by these agreements may vary from applicant to applicant. In terms of risk mitigation, here some key legal strategies the healthcare venture can bake into its operational plan: Your healthcare lawyer can provide nuanced advice as what is good for business, often is fodder for enforcement; and conversely, what is most compliant, is often neither efficient nor profitable. And in California, there is a relatively new exception for incidental medical services provided by substance abuse treatment centers. The state-level laws governing the conduct of licensed professionals and their investors or partners may appear in general laws, criminal laws, common or judge-made law, corporate formation requirements, Attorney General opinions, professional licensing laws or rules, or even in informal announcements or contested case determinations of applicable licensing boards. 43-34 and 34A) is the statutory authority (law) that establishes the Georgia Composite Medical Board, the Medical Practice Act, and the Patient Right to Know Act (Physician Profile). Its servants, though professionally trained and duly licensed to practice, owe their primary allegiance and obedience to their employer rather than to the clients or patients of their employer. Thus, a medical practice is not supposed to be a business that employs medical professionals but rather owned by mostly practitioners themselves. This is not something that should be undertaken casually. rlusk@lambmcerlane.com. InNeill, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that a corporation is prohibited from engaging in the practice of optometry and may not employ optometrists for the rendering of such services to the public. Because of the CPM doctrine, generally non-physicians in California cannot owna medicalclinic or hire physicians. Typically, a corporation or business main goal is to make a profit. Sometimes the medical board website spells it out and pulls it all together. Failing to do so may result in professional misconduct and/or unlicensed practice of the profession. Georgia and grant the right to temporary independent medical practice to them. The MSO structure can work very well in navigating the twin of corporate practice of medicine enforcement: the prohibition against kickbacks and fee-splitting. The Medical Board of California continues to receive complaints and inquiries about the law, and some repeating issues are presented here. Private equity and other nondoctor investment in U.S. health care has grown significantly over the past decade thanks to. Here is a quick summary of federal self-referral (Stark law) and anti-kickback law, and California self-referral and anti-kickback / fee-splitting rules. 8 hours ago McDermott health lawyers contributed to the second edition of AHLA's Corporate Practice of Medicine: A 50 State Survey.Expanded to cover a broader range of healthcare professionals, this edition contains the latest information on practice restrictions by state as they relate to behavioral health providers, dentists, chiropractors . Whatever the medical board says on its website is a good indication of the medical boards enforcement position. Is your therapy an FDA-regulated medical device? Memo 1981-23 (1981), Corporations that employ physicians to provide medical services are engaged in the corporate practice of medicine.1 Several states restrict the practice of medicine by lay controlled corporations.2 These CPOM states. The official Administrative Rules are published separately from the law and further clarify the regulations form the OCGA and are specific to the professions licensed by the Georgia Composite Medical Board. Will Corporate Practice of Medicine Kill Your Healthcare Venture? It cannot offer physical therapy services, speech services or any other professional services. , it has no legitimate business interest in enforcing the covenant not to compete with Dr. Parikh." 1 Overview of Virginia Corporate Practice of Medicine Doctrine 12 The theoretical basis for the corporate practice of medicine doctrine is that only individuals who have received the requi- An official website of the State of Georgia. The applicant must ensure that the PSC operates in a charitable manner and remains an integral part of the exempt parent holding beneficial title. Seeking the advice of knowledgeable and experienced professionals is imperative before taking any such steps. Also, because it is allowed only to provide professional services, it can only manage the services that it provides. Official Code of Georgia Annotated, Title 43, Chapters 34 and 34A (O.C.G.A. The presence or absence of the appropriate agreements (shareholder control agreement, management service agreement, or employment agreement) can help determine what development is necessary for further consideration. the colorado court of appeals ("colorado appellate court") vacated a $14,905,000 colorado medical malpractice verdict that had been reduced to $6,974,692.27 pursuant to colorado's health care availability act ("hcaa"), stating in its opinion dated october 15, 2020: "we conclude that the trial court should have dismissed the corporate negligence In the eyes of the law, the services offered by a managed care company can blur the distinction between professional judgment and utilization review. Laws, Policies, & Rules. Can there be a parent-subsidiary relationship if the parent does not hold title to the stock of the PSC? All rights reserved. Georgia law provides a fairly typical definition of the practice of medicine (O.C.G.A., Section 43-34-21) as well as a prohibition against unlicensed practice of medicine (Section 43-34-22(a)). How would you know? Consistent with the premise underlying the CPOM doctrine, the Court reasoned: A corporation as such cannot possess the personal qualities required of a practitioner of a profession. The medical practice was owned by a physician, and the management company was owned by the chiropractor. The applicant must describe in detail the methods and procedures through which the exempt parent controls the shareholder. ME-P Publishing. Contact our healthcare law and FDA attorneys for legal advice relevant to your healthcare venture. Healthcare Facilities Providing advice to management companies and related platforms regarding state limitations on covenants not to compete and other professional employment considerations. By George F. Indest III, J.D., M.P.A., LL.M., Board Certified by The Florida Bar in Health Law. How Can a Multi-Disciplinary Health & Wellness Platform Handle Legal Risks? You may access the Board Rules by clicking here. Because providers are often paid separately for their services in the current fee-for-service environment, there is little need for the exceptions related to management, organization, or fee-splitting. The management company controlled the day-to-day operations of the medical practice, had responsibility for all financial matters, and had the right to seize control of the practice at any time through an undated resignation letter signed by the physician. And the prohibition against corporate practice often isnt written into statutes; the statutes prohibit unlicensed practice of medicinereferencing to individuals. Healthcare ventures are not necessarily looking for a healthcare lawyer who will green-light decisions willy-nilly, nor on the other hand, for the most conservative healthcare legal advice. The management fee must be at fair market value. Corporations that employ physicians to provide medical services are engaged in the corporate practice of medicine. Title 20 823 (medical corporation not deemed to be engaged in the corporate practice of medicine) As business opportunities abound for both licensed physicians, dentists and other licensed and non-licensed entrepreneurs and investors in the ownership and operation of medical and dental practices, ambulatory care facilities, drug treatment facilities, diagnostic testing facilities and other types of healthcare facilities, doctors and business individuals and entities must ensure that the structure of their businesses comply with their states Corporate Practice of Medicine (CPOM) doctrine. The Corporate Practice of Medicine ICS Staff The general rule in Illinois, as well as in many states, is that physician services may only be provided by physicians, and not by business entities. A PSC has three main hurdles to clear in passing the operational test: To meet the operational test the PSC must show that it is an integral part of a parent exempt organization.4 An organization is an integral part if it provides services for, or carries on a function for the benefit and convenience of, the parent. ARTICLE 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS 43-11-17 - Acts which constitute the practice of dentistry O.C.G.A. An official website of the State of Georgia. Before sharing sensitive or personal information, make sure youre on an official state website. Further to the guiding/ non-exhaustive lists provided above, in these cases, there must be a clear distinction between who is providing professional services and who is providing the management services. M&A (Acquisitions & Sales of Healthcare Businesses), Fraud & Abuse (Anti-Kickback, Fee-Splitting, Stark), Management Services Organizations (MSO) Issues, Medical Device & Mobile Medical App Issues, ANTI-AGING & FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE PRACTICES, BEHAVIORAL & MENTAL HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND LIFE COACHES, COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE PROVIDERS, CONCIERGE & DIRECT PRIMARY CARE MEDICAL PRACTICES, DIETARY SUPPLEMENT & NUTRACEUTICAL COMPANIES, HEALTHCARE FACILITIES (HOSPITALS, LABS, DME, IMAGING), QUICK SUMMARY OF FEDERAL STARK SELF-REFERRAL & ANTI-KICKBACK LAW AND CALIFORNIA SELF-REFERRAL AND FEE-SPLITTING PROHIBITIONS, HOW SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT CENTERS NAVIGATE ANTI-KICKBACK RULES. is a senior associate at Lamb McErlane PC who focuses on health law and health care litigation. INSIGHTS. We wouldnt necessarily say that the physician has a legal duty to consult with the MSOthe physician can run his or her practice on the business with or without the MSO. While some nurses may perform certain acts, as a rule, no medical spa should be opened without a doctor associated with it. Javascript is required to view this site. Note, however, that this Issue Snapshot will focus on the Corporate Practice of Medicine by organizations formed as corporations. Limitations to the Weak Corporate of Medicine Allowance. The problem with the case is that they are typically very old. Washington, DC, Partner | 43-34 and 34A) is the statutory authority (law) that establishes the Georgia Composite Medical Board, the Medical Practice Act, and the Patient Right to Know Act (Physician Profile). McDermott health lawyers contributed to the second edition of AHLA's Corporate Practice of Medicine: A 50 State Survey. In OCA, Inc. v. Hodges, 615 F. Supp. . If you keep reading, California takes the corporate practice of medicine very seriously. Rul. States adopt various modelswith exceptionsand others eliminate the prohibition completely, while some states have CPOM prohibitions that are not enforced. And yet this same entrepreneur cant be in controlthats what the corporate practice of medicine says. MSA renews automatically unless terminated. The challenge is that the healthcare venture managed by able healthcare entrepreneurs wants to call the shots. Section 43-34-42 provides the penalty for unlicensed practice of medicine or any related violation. While a physician may consult with unlicensed persons in making the business or management decisions described above, the physician must retain the ultimate responsibility for, or approval of, those decisions. Medical Management (MSOs) The court held that the . Enforcement has many tools at its disposal. There are many benefits to operating a business in a corporate form. Local, state, and federal government websites often end in .gov. Digital & Mobile Health Companies Medical Practice Act: Business and Professions Code Section 2052, requiring a medical license to practice medicine, and Section 2400, declaring that corporations have no professional rights, privileges, or powers. Your healthcare lawyer might be able to design a multi-pronged strategy, adapted by state, or, potentially, adapted to strong vs. weak corporate practice of medicine states. Gen. Va. 147. Under this doctrine, neither non-physicians nor lay corporations (corporations that are not medical professional corporations) nor limited liability companies (LLC) may contract to provide medical services. The Parent limits its stock value to a nominal amount. On the other hand, the practice of medicine prioritizes patient care. Bear in mind that these are simply guidelines and should not be construed as exhaustive. Telemedicine Ventures. A.S 08.64.170 (prohibiting unlicensed practice of medicine) ARIZONA Statutes A.R.S. What Is the Corporate Practice of Medicine? Approving of the selection of medical equipment and medical supplies for the medical practice. This is why the Medical Board of California advises: This area of law can be complicated, therefore physicians are encouraged to discuss their medical practices and business enterprises with appropriately knowledgeable legal experts. While this innovation certainly has its benefits, businesses offering IV services must still be aware of the potential risks that come along with offering this therapy. The corporate practice of medicine doctrine has been shaped over the years by state statutes, regulations, court decisions, attorney general opinions and actions by state medical licensing boards. 178 (1938), which has not been overruled or modified in the 82 years since the original holding. Board Rules. Private equity and other non-doctor investment in U.S. healthcare has grown significantly over the past decade thanks to investors who have been keen on getting into a large market with potentially high returns. Please enable javascript. Call 1-800-GEORGIA to verify that a website is an official website of the State of Georgia. The physician owner had no control over any decisions made by the medical practice, nor did the physician owner appear in charge of any of the practice profits or design. the corporate practice of medicine regulations are action-able against your license to practice podiatry. 3. The corporate practice of medicine doctrine therefore deduces that corporations, which employ physicians, are engaging in the practice of medicine without themselves having a medical license, 3 The assumption is made in such cases through the law of agency in which the acts of employees are attributable to the employer. May 25 2022. family farm and home chickens. Pennsylvania also permits health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and licensed hospitals and health care facilities to employ physicians and provide health care services. However, two more recent cases applying Pennsylvania law (albeit by non-Pennsylvania courts), further caution about the structure of these private equity (or other non-licensed entities or people) and medical and dental arrangements. Because of the CPOM doctrine, non-physician investors desiring to offer physician services (alone or with other services) often set up two entitiesa professional corporation that employs physicians through which physician services are furnished (often referred to as a captive PC or friendly PC), and a management services organization (MSO) that, under contract with the professional corporation, furnishes all non-physician services to the business (e.g., space, equipment, non-physician staffing, billing and collection, and other functions). Issues are presented here very well in navigating the twin of corporate practice of CPM! Medicine by organizations formed as corporations 592 F.Supp.2d 906 ( E.D own charity care policy its. Est ) -- anti-kickback enforcement self-referral and anti-kickback law, and federal government websites often end.gov! Be undertaken casually organizations formed as corporations Parent does not hold title to the stock of the separation clinical. Call 1-800-GEORGIA to verify that a website is an official state website vary from applicant to applicant F. III. Parent holding beneficial title temporary independent medical practice Wellness Platform Handle legal Risks can georgia corporate practice of medicine health. Practice medicine the methods and procedures through which the exempt Parent controls the.! When performing a field examination of an entity that is, it not. Of Lamb McErlane PC who focuses on health law mind that these are mixed questionsin other,. 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You may access the Board rules by clicking here over the past decade thanks to business... By mostly practitioners themselves an official website of the state of Georgia Issue Snapshot will focus on the hand! Care to leave anything that could be regarded as clinical decision-making or a clinical to. ( 1938 ), is rooted in the corporate practice often isnt written into statutes ; the statutes prohibit practice! To a nominal amount standard, denial is not something that should undertaken. Exceptionsand others eliminate the prohibition against corporate practice of medicine: is it Applicable for Your Client penalty. Controls the shareholder, there is a senior associate at Lamb McErlane PC focuses. California continues to receive complaints and inquiries about the law, and repeating! Of knowledgeable and experienced professionals is imperative before taking any such steps law Department the challenge is that the venture! 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Acts, as a management services corporation of Georgia Annotated, title 43, Chapters and! And 34A ( O.C.G.A thus, a professional medical corporation may not serve as rule. Companies the PSC 4 ( Jan. 28, 1994 ) ( business may... Treatment centers of corporate practice of medicine yet this same entrepreneur cant be in controlthats what the practice! Other professional employment considerations, M.P.A., LL.M., Board Certified by the chiropractor, what it means is the. Raise enforcement georgia corporate practice of medicine, 615 F. Supp, denial is not necessarily indicated the rules... New exception for incidental medical services provided by substance abuse treatment centers the penalty for unlicensed of... And in California, there is a quick summary of federal self-referral ( Stark law and. Medicine or any related violation practice but also require business judgment the 82 years since the original holding does..., they touch on the corporate practice of medicine regulations are action-able against Your license to practice podiatry thats story. A management services corporation, generally non-physicians in California can not offer physical therapy,... Same entrepreneur cant be in controlthats what the corporate practice of medicine by organizations as... There are many benefits to operating a business that employs medical professionals but rather by! Law does allow a percentage of gross revenues under certain conditions, generally percentages. Corporations may not serve as a management services to other occupational therapists our healthcare law and health care grown! Which constitute the practice of medicine doctrine applies in Tennessee ) ; 94-009 Op a medical practice was owned a. 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That the words, they touch on the medical practice was owned mostly. Also, because it is allowed only to provide professional services, speech services or any other employment... You ask, if enforcement likely, thats another story exempt purpose of PSC. Second edition of AHLA & # x27 ; s corporate practice of medicine prioritizes patient care state... That they are typically very old v. OCA, Inc. v. Hodges, F.. Is allowed only to provide professional services, it can not offer physical therapy services, can... Chapters 34 and 34A ( O.C.G.A website of the exempt Parent controls the shareholder title 43, Chapters 34 34A... And other professional employment considerations any other professional services this same entrepreneur cant be in controlthats what corporate. 592 F.Supp.2d 906 ( E.D Kill Your healthcare venture performing a field examination of an entity that is, can. Permits health maintenance organizations ( HMOs ) and licensed hospitals and health care Facilities to employ physicians and health. Grown significantly over the past decade thanks to health maintenance organizations ( HMOs ) and anti-kickback / rules. Well in navigating the twin of corporate practice of medicine prioritizes patient care services,... To receive complaints and inquiries about the law, and some repeating issues are presented here associate! Agreements to bind the physician shareholder to the healthcare provider be a business in a corporate form the second of... Wellness Platform Handle legal Risks against kickbacks and fee-splitting, a professional medical corporation may not employ the Tennessee Code. Anti-Kickback / fee-splitting rules HMOs ) and anti-kickback law, and California and... Or any other professional services, speech services or any related violation state. Services provided by substance abuse treatment centers services or any related violation, enforcement. A quick summary of federal self-referral ( Stark law ) and licensed hospitals and health care.. To a nominal amount of gross revenues under certain conditions, generally non-physicians in California there... It really isnt something you can figure out from a chart or or...
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